Level 2 - Details on Electromagnetic Fields

• 1. Introduction to electromagnetic fields
  • 1.1 What are electromagnetic fields?
  • 1.2 How have the health risks of electromagnetic fields been reassessed?
• Radio frequency fields like those from mobile phones and wireless devices
• 2. What are the sources of exposure to radio frequency fields?
  • 2.1 How high is the exposure from mobile phones and wireless devices?
  • 2.2 What is the level of exposure from mobile phone base stations and radio towers?
  • 2.3 How are radio frequency fields used in medicine?
• 3. Can mobile phones cause cancer?
  • 3.1 Have studies on mobile phone users revealed an increased cancer risk?
  • 3.2 Have studies on laboratory animals revealed an increased cancer risk?
  • 3.3 Have studies on cell cultures revealed genetic effects?
  • 3.4 Discussion on cancer
• 4. Can mobile phones or base stations trigger headaches or other health effects?
  • 4.1 Have headaches and other symptoms been linked to mobile phones?
  • 4.2 Can mobile phones affect the brain?
  • 4.3 Have effects of mobile phones on reproduction and development been reported?
  • 4.4 Are children more vulnerable to possible effects of mobile phones?
• 5. Conclusions on mobile phones and radio frequency fields
• Electromagnetic fields generated by other devices
• 6. Intermediate frequency fields like those from computer screens and anti-theft devices
  • 6.1 What are the sources of intermediate frequency fields (IF fields)?
  • 6.2 What possible health effects of intermediate frequency fields have been studied?
• 7. Extremely low frequency fields like those from power lines and household appliances
  • 7.1 What are the sources of extremely low frequency fields (ELF fields)?
  • 7.2 What is the level of exposure to ELF fields?
  • 7.3 Can ELF fields increase the risk of childhood leukaemia and other cancers?
  • 7.4 Can exposure to ELF cause headaches or other health effects?
  • 7.5 What can be concluded about ELF fields?
• 8. Static magnetic fields like those used in medical imaging
  • 8.1 What are the sources of static magnetic fields?
  • 8.2 What possible health effects of static magnetic fields have been studied?
• General issues and conclusions
• 9. What is known about environmental effects of electromagnetic fields?
  • 9.1 Are there new findings on environmental effects of radiofrequency fields?
  • 9.2 Are there new findings on environmental effects of extremely low frequency fields?
• 10. Conclusions on electromagnetic fields
  • 10.1 Conclusions on Radio Frequency (RF) fields
  • 10.2 Conclusions on Intermediate Frequency (IF) fields
  • 10.3 Conclusions on Extremely low frequency (ELF) fields
  • 10.4 Conclusions on static magnetic fields
  • 10.5 Conclusions on environmental effects
  • 10.6 Research recommendations