List of active molecules in biocidal products classified on the basis of chemical groups.

9 Estimated production in EU for m-cresol is greater than 1,000 t per year (Dye et al. 2007).

10 USA: > 500 t (Calafat et al. 2008).

11 Estimated production in EU for triclosan is 10-1,000 tonnes per year (Dye et al. 2007).

12 Surface active agents may not necessarily be used as active in a formulation, but as a surfactant.

13 Bronopol tonnage is estimated from 10 to 1,000 tonnes per year in the EU (Dye et al. 2007).

Source: SCENIHR,
 Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Effects of Biocides (2009),
Scope of opinion, definition of active substances , p. 15-17

Effects of Biocides on antibiotic resistance

List of active molecules in biocidal products classified on the basis of chemical groups.

Table 2 List of active substances in biocidal products and their mode of action

Table 3 Biocides approved by US-FDA for health care settings, or registered by the US-EPA

Table 4 Commonly used skin disinfectants and antiseptics

Table 5 Major biocides used in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry

Table 6 Components of (udder) teat dips used (or having been used) in dairy animals

Table 7 Methodologies to measure bacterial resistance

Table 8 Bacterial mechanisms of resistance to biocides

Table 9 Bacteria isolated from contaminated cosmetic products and their resistance to biocides (Flores et al. 1997)

Table 10 Mechanisms of action of antibiotics

Table 11 Major resistance mechanisms (Davin-Regli et al. 2008)

Table: 23 Biocidal products listed in Annex V of the Biocides Directive (98/8/EC)